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MVC和三层架构及SSM框架整合

本文主要讲了MVC和三层架构的关系,和SSM框架整合教程。

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1.三层架构

整体分为三层,表现层UI,业务逻辑层BLL,数据访问层DAL.

  • 表现层 Controller 用户界面,负责与用户进行交互
  • 业务逻辑层 Service 具体的业务操作
  • 数据访问层 Dao 对数据库进行操作,为上层提供数据

https://github.com/lixd/blog/raw/master/images/java/ssm/3tier.png

为了更好的降低各层间的耦合度,在三层架构程序设计中,采用面向抽象编程。即上层对下层的调用,是通过接口实现的。而下层对上层的真正服务提供者,是下层接口的实现类。服务标准(接口)是相同的,服务提供者(实现类)可以更换。这就实现了层间的耦合。

https://github.com/lixd/blog/raw/master/images/java/ssm/3tier-interface.png

2.MVC

 MVC全名是Model View Controller,是模型(model)视图(view)控制器(controller)的缩写 .

  • Model(模型) - 模型代表一个存取数据的对象或 JAVA POJO。它也可以带有逻辑,在数据变化时更新控制器。
  • View(视图) - 视图代表模型包含的数据的可视化。
  • Controller(控制器) - 控制器作用于模型和视图上。它控制数据流向模型对象,并在数据变化时更新视图。它使视图与模型分离开。

https://github.com/lixd/blog/raw/master/images/java/ssm/mvc.png

3.MVC与三层架构

  • 经典三层架构和MVC的关系?—–> 他们是两个毫无相关的东西
    • 经典三层架构是一种分层思想,将开发模式分为了这三层
    • MVC是一种设计模式,目的是让HTML代码和业务逻辑代码分开,让代码看起来更加清晰,便于开发

https://github.com/illusorycloud/illusorycloud.github.io/raw/hexo/myImages/ssm/3tier-mvc.jpg

4.SSM框架和三层架构

SSM即SpringMVC、Spring、Mybatis三个框架。它们在三层架构中所处的位置是不同的,即它们在三层架构中的功能各不相同,各司其职。

  • SpringMVC:作为View层的实现者,完成用户的请求接收功能。SpringMVC的Controller作为整个应用的控制器,完成用户请求的转发及对用户的响应。
  • MyBatis:作为 Dao层的实现者,完成对数据库的增、删、改、查功能。
  • Spring:以整个应用大管家的身份出现。整个应用中所有的Bean的生命周期行为,均由Spring来管理。即整个应用中所有对象的创建、初始化、销毁,及对象间关联关系的维护,均由Spring进行管理。

https://github.com/lixd/blog/raw/master/images/java/ssm/3tier-ssm.jpg

5.SSM框架配置

5.1 目录

  • Controller

    • springmvc.xml
      • 包扫描–controller
      • 注解驱动
      • 视图解析器
    • web.xml
      • DispatcherServlet
      • 监听器
  • Service

    • applicationContext-service.xml
      • 包扫描–service
    • applicationContext-trans.xml
      • 事务管理器
      • 通知
      • 切面
  • Dao

    • SqlMapConfig.xml
    • applicationContext-dao.xml
      • dataSource
      • SqlSessionFactory
      • 包扫描–mapper

5.2 springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
	<!-- 配置Controller扫描 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.lillusory.crm.controller" />
	<!-- 加载属性文件-->
	<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:crm.properties"/>

	<!-- 配置注解驱动 -->
	<mvc:annotation-driven />

	<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
	<bean	class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<!-- 前缀 -->
		<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
		<!-- 后缀 -->
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
	</bean>
</beans>

5.3 applicationContext-dao

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd">

<!-- 配置 读取properties文件 jdbc.properties -->
	<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />

	<!-- 配置 数据源 -->
	<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
		<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
		<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
		<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
		<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
	</bean>

	<!-- 配置SqlSessionFactory -->
	<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
		<!-- 设置MyBatis核心配置文件 -->
		<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:SqlMapConfig.xml" />
		<!-- 设置数据源 -->
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
		<property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.lillusory.crm.domain"></property>
	</bean>

	<!-- 配置Mapper扫描 -->
	<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
		<!-- 设置Mapper扫描包 -->
		<property name="basePackage" value="com.lillusory.crm.mapper" />
	</bean>
</beans>

5.4 applicationContext-service.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd">
<!-- 包扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.lillusory.crm.service"/>
</beans>

5.5 applicationContext-trans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd">

	<!-- 事务管理器 -->
	<bean id="transactionManager"	class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
		<!-- 数据源 -->
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
	</bean>

	<!-- 通知 -->
	<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
		<tx:attributes>
			<!-- 传播行为 -->
			<tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
			<tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
			<tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
			<tx:method name="create*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
			<tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
			<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
			<tx:method name="find*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
			<tx:method name="select*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
			<tx:method name="get*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
			<tx:method name="query*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
		</tx:attributes>
	</tx:advice>

	<!-- 切面 -->
	<aop:config>
		<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"
			pointcut="execution(* com.lillusory.crm.service.*.*(..))" />
	</aop:config>
</beans>

5.6 SqlMapConfig.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!-- 暂时什么都不用配置 -->
</configuration>

5.7 web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
  <display-name>Demo-CRM</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  
  
  <!-- 配置spring -->
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>classpath:spring/applicationContext-*.xml</param-value>
	</context-param>

	<!-- 配置监听器加载spring -->
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>

	<!-- 配置过滤器,解决post的乱码问题 -->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>	<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

	<!-- 配置SpringMVC -->
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>demo-crm</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>classpath:spring/springmvc.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<!-- 配置springmvc什么时候启动,参数必须为整数 -->
		<!-- 如果为0或者大于0,则springMVC随着容器启动而启动 -->
		<!-- 如果小于0,则在第一次请求进来的时候启动 -->
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>demo-crm</servlet-name>
		<!-- 所有的请求都进入springMVC
		/        拦截所有除了jsp
		/* jsp也拦截 
		 -->
		<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
  
</web-app>

5.8其他常用配置

jdbc

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/kct?characterEncoding=utf-8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root

log4j

# Global logging configuration
log4j.rootLogger=debug, stdout
# Console output...
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p [%t] - %m%n

参考

https://juejin.im/post/5929259b44d90400642194f3